From Childhood Dreams to Passion for Special Education: A Conversation with Richard Darrow Nichols

1 00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:02,305 Speaker 1: Welcome to the Healthy, wealthy and Wise 2 00:00:02,444 --> 00:00:07,442 podcast with Dr William Choctaw, MD. JD. In this episode, Dr. 3 00:00:07,482 --> 00:00:10,807 Choctaw will continue his Leadership Masterclass series by 4 00:00:10,807 --> 00:00:16,202 covering how AI chatbots improve healthcare. One of the 5 00:00:16,242 --> 00:00:20,312 many ways AI has manifested in healthcare is through chatbots, 6 00:00:20,881 --> 00:00:24,628 which are computer programs designed to engage with human 7 00:00:24,788 --> 00:00:29,301 users in natural language conversations. Dr Choctaw will 8 00:00:29,361 --> 00:00:34,929 dive into this aspect, as well as share AI chatbots' ability to 9 00:00:34,929 --> 00:00:39,121 directly assist the medical community in various ways. Dr 10 00:00:39,161 --> 00:00:43,246 Choctaw will also take a look at some of the tech companies that 11 00:00:43,246 --> 00:00:47,173 are major players in this space , with large investments and 12 00:00:47,232 --> 00:00:52,045 chatbots of their own. Dr Choctaw will address the cheers 13 00:00:52,365 --> 00:00:55,832 and the fears regarding this transformative technology 14 00:00:56,780 --> 00:01:01,331 Question. Do you know what a DaVinci robot is or what it does 15 00:01:01,331 --> 00:01:04,906 ? Well, these and other questions will be answered and 16 00:01:04,947 --> 00:01:08,763 addressed in this podcast episode. So let's get started. 17 00:01:09,584 --> 00:01:12,432 Here's Dr William Choctaw, md JD . 18 00:01:13,561 --> 00:01:16,924 Speaker 2: We're going to talk about how artificial, 19 00:01:17,045 --> 00:01:29,465 intelligent chatbots improve healthcare. So buckle up, stay 20 00:01:29,504 --> 00:01:34,463 with me and here we go. I believe the life is about being 21 00:01:34,504 --> 00:01:39,421 of service to others. I believe knowledge is power. I believe 22 00:01:39,522 --> 00:01:43,688 leaders can change the world. As always, when we do the 23 00:01:43,707 --> 00:01:48,900 masterclass, we talk about medicine specifically and then, 24 00:01:48,980 --> 00:01:53,421 on top of that, we'll talk about law or legal issues. Today, 25 00:01:53,441 --> 00:01:56,126 we're going to talk about medicine as it interacts with 26 00:01:56,266 --> 00:02:01,524 artificial intelligence and finances, and we'll delineate 27 00:02:01,563 --> 00:02:06,222 that more as we go along. So stay with us. As always, i like 28 00:02:06,263 --> 00:02:08,929 to include an outline. The purpose of the outline is to let 29 00:02:08,929 --> 00:02:12,043 you know what I'm going to talk about. I'm going to talk about 30 00:02:13,165 --> 00:02:15,610 artificial intelligence specifically. We're going to 31 00:02:15,651 --> 00:02:18,544 define it. We believe in definitions. We're going to 32 00:02:18,585 --> 00:02:23,022 define what a chatbot is. We're going to define some of the 33 00:02:23,082 --> 00:02:28,241 different iterations of AI and the chatbot. We're going to 34 00:02:28,281 --> 00:02:31,645 define reasons for issues. We're going to talk about some of the 35 00:02:31,645 --> 00:02:35,072 problems and fears with chatbots that individuals are 36 00:02:35,111 --> 00:02:39,243 going through presently, and we're going to talk about robots 37 00:02:39,243 --> 00:02:43,301 and surgery. Yes, there are robots in surgery, don't worry. 38 00:02:43,361 --> 00:02:48,361 We'll explain it when we get there. I don't want to scare you 39 00:02:48,361 --> 00:02:52,591 . Don't scare you, but they are there. But that's a good thing. 40 00:02:52,711 --> 00:02:58,588 That's a good thing. Okay, so what is artificial intelligence? 41 00:02:58,588 --> 00:03:01,735 I know you've heard the term for many, many years and I know 42 00:03:01,775 --> 00:03:05,100 that you have an idea about what artificial intelligence is. But 43 00:03:05,100 --> 00:03:08,810 what do we mean when we say artificial intelligence? Let me 44 00:03:08,849 --> 00:03:13,787 give you a definition The simulation or approximation of 45 00:03:13,927 --> 00:03:21,493 human intelligence in machines. Let me give you my definition 46 00:03:21,554 --> 00:03:25,725 Teaching machines to think. Artificial intelligence is 47 00:03:25,746 --> 00:03:31,949 teaching machines to think. Now you can either be excited about 48 00:03:31,969 --> 00:03:37,046 that or that could scare you, and I submit that it's probably 49 00:03:37,067 --> 00:03:39,514 a little of both. You know that one goes through. I know it's 50 00:03:39,554 --> 00:03:45,883 probably a little of both that I go through, but this is what 51 00:03:45,943 --> 00:03:50,328 artificial intelligence is, and I can tell you that if you're 52 00:03:50,407 --> 00:03:54,352 finding out or listening now about artificial intelligence, 53 00:03:54,853 --> 00:04:01,282 it's already probably at least the last five or 10 years. So 54 00:04:01,302 --> 00:04:05,268 this is Dr Chalk-Tom brain surgeon, heart surgeon, that are 55 00:04:05,268 --> 00:04:09,014 both exciting and a little traumatizing at the same time. 56 00:04:10,620 --> 00:04:14,706 What is the goal of artificial intelligence? Well, the goal is 57 00:04:14,826 --> 00:04:19,880 computer enhanced learning, reasoning and perception. Think 58 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:25,411 about that Computer enhanced learning, reasoning and 59 00:04:25,492 --> 00:04:30,528 perception. Think about a computer that can reason. Think 60 00:04:30,567 --> 00:04:36,345 about a computer that has perception. Okay, and I remember 61 00:04:36,345 --> 00:04:40,372 we always say perception is a reality. You know, certainly in 62 00:04:40,432 --> 00:04:43,624 politics that's true. Whatever people perceive you are 63 00:04:43,704 --> 00:04:46,468 politically and in terms of how they're going to vote, is 64 00:04:46,509 --> 00:04:49,940 probably how you really are from their perspective. But think 65 00:04:49,980 --> 00:04:53,600 about that. There are types of artificial intelligence. I'm 66 00:04:53,620 --> 00:04:56,827 just going to give you the two broad categories. That's basic 67 00:04:56,928 --> 00:05:01,564 pattern recognition. Now, basic pattern recognition is where you 68 00:05:01,564 --> 00:05:07,273 give a computer or machine a certain set of data and you keep 69 00:05:07,273 --> 00:05:10,197 giving it the same amount over and over and over again, and it 70 00:05:10,298 --> 00:05:13,564 learns by repetition. It keeps repeating it and repeating it 71 00:05:13,584 --> 00:05:17,120 and repeating it until it has it memorized. And then there's the 72 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:20,906 other part of artificial intelligence, or thinking 73 00:05:20,987 --> 00:05:27,182 machines, if you will, complex human emotion. And I submit that 74 00:05:27,182 --> 00:05:30,949 this is where we get into the discomfort that we humans have, 75 00:05:31,029 --> 00:05:34,242 and I would argue that we should have, and we'll talk about this 76 00:05:34,242 --> 00:05:38,961 a little bit later in the presentation. What is an 77 00:05:39,021 --> 00:05:44,091 emotional machine? Is that an oxymoron? What does that mean? A 78 00:05:44,091 --> 00:05:48,206 machine with emotion? Think about that. Just let that 79 00:05:48,365 --> 00:05:54,624 marinate for a bit. One of the ways that scientists who do this 80 00:05:54,624 --> 00:05:57,608 work, computer scientists who do this work, are able to get 81 00:05:57,689 --> 00:06:01,454 machines to do what they do is they use something called 82 00:06:01,613 --> 00:06:05,850 algorithms. Those of you in math and those of you in engineering 83 00:06:05,850 --> 00:06:08,480 and data management, you're very familiar with algorithms, 84 00:06:08,940 --> 00:06:13,226 but basically algorithms are rules that data is given to make 85 00:06:13,226 --> 00:06:17,413 it, in my estimation, in my opinion, form a particular 86 00:06:17,473 --> 00:06:22,218 pattern to get something done. So this is all developed ahead 87 00:06:22,257 --> 00:06:26,303 of time. But so the broad umbrella of what we're talking 88 00:06:26,343 --> 00:06:29,949 about when we talk about AI, chat box AI stands for 89 00:06:30,088 --> 00:06:34,634 artificial intelligence, chat box is the broad umbrella is 90 00:06:34,834 --> 00:06:40,007 artificial intelligence. My definition thinking machines or 91 00:06:40,067 --> 00:06:44,607 teaching machines how to think. Well, what in the world is a 92 00:06:44,706 --> 00:06:51,548 chat box? CHATBOT? Well, obviously it's made up word that 93 00:06:51,548 --> 00:06:57,541 chat means to talk or to speak, and bot like robot. Okay, so 94 00:06:57,562 --> 00:07:04,680 think of a talking robot as a chat bot. Okay, the official 95 00:07:04,721 --> 00:07:08,045 definition is a chat bot is a program that communicates with 96 00:07:08,125 --> 00:07:14,033 you, most commonly using the texts interface and artificial 97 00:07:14,132 --> 00:07:20,168 intelligence, when you get in your car and you use your GPS. 98 00:07:22,540 --> 00:07:33,701 Your GPS is not human. I don't mean a virtual bubble. That GPS 99 00:07:33,740 --> 00:07:39,725 is not a human. It is a chat bot of type. You know it actually 100 00:07:39,766 --> 00:07:43,901 is a very early, rudimentary chat bot. You know, it's not 101 00:07:43,920 --> 00:07:46,148 even at the higher levels that we're going to talk about today, 102 00:07:46,148 --> 00:07:50,867 but that's what a chat bot is. So how does that work in terms 103 00:07:50,927 --> 00:07:55,785 of where we are today? I would suggest you this is this 104 00:07:55,904 --> 00:08:00,072 information is in the public domain in the last six months. 105 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:03,826 So this is not stuff that the public has found out about 106 00:08:04,047 --> 00:08:06,833 recent, you know, five or 10 years ago, even though it's been 107 00:08:06,833 --> 00:08:10,745 around. But we're learning about it in the last six months 108 00:08:10,807 --> 00:08:15,641 or so and we're go with that. Remember when I talked about 109 00:08:15,721 --> 00:08:22,382 your academic hand computer. I eat your cell phone. It's also a 110 00:08:22,382 --> 00:08:26,261 computer and we already talked about this. But let me sort of 111 00:08:26,420 --> 00:08:33,563 use that as an example to talk about the chat bot. Okay, first 112 00:08:33,624 --> 00:08:42,240 a bit of history. The first company to come out with a chat 113 00:08:42,341 --> 00:08:47,616 bot is Microsoft. Now, obviously , many of you are familiar with 114 00:08:47,657 --> 00:08:51,312 Microsoft If you have a computer and you may be using Microsoft 115 00:08:51,331 --> 00:08:58,177 software in your computer. I do, i'm old school. As a matter of 116 00:08:58,217 --> 00:09:01,833 fact, these presentations are done with a product of Microsoft 117 00:09:01,833 --> 00:09:06,498 called PowerPoint. I've used PowerPoint for those 30 plus 118 00:09:06,538 --> 00:09:14,399 years. Microsoft is a very big, world-wide computer operating 119 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:19,578 system. Microsoft basically heard about a company called 120 00:09:20,019 --> 00:09:26,013 OpenAI. Microsoft then decided and we'll get into this later to 121 00:09:26,013 --> 00:09:30,739 work with this company. The very earliest form of a chat bot 122 00:09:30,739 --> 00:09:38,158 is something that's called ChatGPT. This is from Microsoft. 123 00:09:38,158 --> 00:09:44,176 I'm just going to deal with the big players with computers, or 124 00:09:44,235 --> 00:09:48,177 talking computers, if you will. Let me just go over the list. 125 00:09:48,510 --> 00:09:53,216 Microsoft is the first, google is second, meta or Facebook is 126 00:09:53,297 --> 00:09:59,601 third and Baidu, which is the Microsoft, if you will, of China 127 00:09:59,601 --> 00:10:05,856 . It's the last one, but Microsoft's product is called 128 00:10:05,998 --> 00:10:11,860 ChatGPT. Gpt just stands for some computer iterated language. 129 00:10:11,860 --> 00:10:15,254 It doesn't really mean anything other than that, but this is 130 00:10:15,274 --> 00:10:18,816 their first product. This product rolled out to the public 131 00:10:18,816 --> 00:10:23,650 2022 last year. We're not talking about a long time, but 132 00:10:23,671 --> 00:10:29,153 free. Basically, it's free. It's called ChatGPT. Indeed, if you 133 00:10:29,254 --> 00:10:33,011 have a Microsoft computer, it's already on your computer. It's 134 00:10:33,091 --> 00:10:36,772 already there. If you don't know where to look, go to your 135 00:10:36,812 --> 00:10:41,671 browser. Go to where you search and type in ChatGPT, and then 136 00:10:41,711 --> 00:10:46,537 it'll pop up. Don't be scared, it'll pop up on your computer. 137 00:10:49,975 --> 00:10:59,452 The very basic type of a Chatbot named ChatGPT. Chatgpt is the 138 00:10:59,592 --> 00:11:05,592 name of the Chatbot that Microsoft owns. This is called 139 00:11:05,633 --> 00:11:12,336 Chatbot or GPT 3.0. Now Microsoft has already, within 140 00:11:12,778 --> 00:11:16,335 months, come out with an advanced version of that called 141 00:11:16,676 --> 00:11:25,374 GPT4. Gpt4 you have to pay for. Gpt3 is free. Gpt4 you have to 142 00:11:25,414 --> 00:11:29,179 pay for I think it's like $40 a month or something like that. 143 00:11:30,471 --> 00:11:35,615 But if you have Bing, this is another operating system with 144 00:11:35,735 --> 00:11:39,312 Microsoft. If you have Bing on your computer, you already have 145 00:11:39,373 --> 00:11:46,677 GPT4 for free. Let me go over that again. Gpt3 is the early 146 00:11:48,039 --> 00:11:53,115 example of the Chatbot that was made by Microsoft, which is the 147 00:11:53,177 --> 00:11:56,072 leading country because it's out with this technology First for 148 00:11:56,091 --> 00:12:03,077 the public. The advanced is GPT4 , but you already have GPT4 on 149 00:12:03,097 --> 00:12:07,979 your computer for free. Google has a product called Bart with 150 00:12:08,019 --> 00:12:12,530 Palm 2. They're already coming out with their product, but 151 00:12:12,551 --> 00:12:15,839 they're a little behind Microsoft. Then Facebook Meta 152 00:12:15,879 --> 00:12:19,912 has a product called Blenderblot , and Baidu, the Chinese 153 00:12:21,758 --> 00:12:25,052 operating system, has one called Ernie, which I found 154 00:12:25,173 --> 00:12:30,053 interesting. I'm sure there's a message there, but I just don't 155 00:12:30,094 --> 00:12:35,431 understand it. Now just make sure that you understand what I 156 00:12:35,471 --> 00:12:40,379 mean by Microsoft. You are familiar with Microsoft products 157 00:12:40,379 --> 00:12:44,032 . You'll either use Word when you type the letter, you type 158 00:12:44,052 --> 00:12:49,072 the paper. You may use Excel for numbers If you do any type of 159 00:12:49,193 --> 00:12:53,794 number accumulation or accounting. As I mentioned about 160 00:12:53,794 --> 00:12:57,991 PowerPoint, these are the products of Microsoft. They call 161 00:12:57,991 --> 00:13:06,942 Microsoft Office. The company that started the Chat GPT is 162 00:13:07,022 --> 00:13:11,871 called OpenAI. That's at the top . This is the small company I 163 00:13:11,912 --> 00:13:14,937 think. Right now I think it's main office in San Francisco, 164 00:13:15,149 --> 00:13:24,321 california small company. It's the one that started Chat GPT. 165 00:13:25,370 --> 00:13:28,192 Now, i think you'll be interested in the history of how 166 00:13:28,192 --> 00:13:33,859 this came about. Openai is the name of the company that started 167 00:13:33,859 --> 00:13:38,774 Chat GPT. It was founded in 2015,. Not too long ago. 168 00:13:39,950 --> 00:13:45,120 Microsoft, being the gentle giant that it is in the tech 169 00:13:45,182 --> 00:13:49,951 industry, is always looking, obviously worldwide, for new 170 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:54,793 technology and obviously potential competition. Microsoft 171 00:13:54,793 --> 00:14:00,700 approached OpenAI, the company founded in 2015 in San Francisco 172 00:14:00,700 --> 00:14:05,918 , and said we like your product, we want to invest in your 173 00:14:05,957 --> 00:14:11,895 product. We're going to invest one billion, with the B dollars, 174 00:14:11,895 --> 00:14:17,120 into your company. Of course, your small startup tech company 175 00:14:17,490 --> 00:14:20,894 and Microsoft comes in and says they want to invest a billion 176 00:14:20,933 --> 00:14:29,241 dollars. What do you do? You said sure, bring it, i'll take 177 00:14:29,322 --> 00:14:36,599 it, stay with me. Now, four years later, 2023, this year, 178 00:14:37,510 --> 00:14:43,011 microsoft says we're even more impressed with your company, 179 00:14:43,172 --> 00:14:49,898 openai, and your product, chat GPT. We want to increase our 180 00:14:49,957 --> 00:14:54,653 investment to an additional 10 billion. Stay with me now. This 181 00:14:54,693 --> 00:14:58,836 is 11 billion dollars from Microsoft to a little company in 182 00:14:58,836 --> 00:15:02,618 San Francisco. You may say well , why in the world is Microsoft 183 00:15:02,658 --> 00:15:05,711 doing that? Well, obviously, if you're a worldwide company and 184 00:15:05,792 --> 00:15:09,292 you've got information throughout the world and there 185 00:15:09,312 --> 00:15:12,833 was something Microsoft saw that it liked, and that's that 186 00:15:12,894 --> 00:15:16,859 bullet point. The next bullet point that in December alone of 187 00:15:16,958 --> 00:15:23,361 last year, a million people signed up with Chat, gpt. A 188 00:15:23,422 --> 00:15:27,686 million people in one month. Okay, you think that was 189 00:15:27,725 --> 00:15:32,846 something. In January, the next month, over a hundred million 190 00:15:32,886 --> 00:15:36,984 people signed up for the same product. So what do you think 191 00:15:37,004 --> 00:15:42,102 Microsoft is thinking now? We got a good one here, okay. So 192 00:15:42,143 --> 00:15:46,610 what's my point? My point is to show you the speed of this stuff 193 00:15:46,610 --> 00:15:49,849 . This is not stuff that happens in six months and then another 194 00:15:49,908 --> 00:15:53,760 three months. This is happening daily, weekly, monthly. The 195 00:15:53,821 --> 00:15:58,044 speed which goes along with computers. What is unique about 196 00:15:58,085 --> 00:16:02,461 computers compared to humans? One of the things is speed. Okay 197 00:16:02,461 --> 00:16:06,264 , that a computer can do what I can do. The computer can do it 198 00:16:06,323 --> 00:16:09,808 in a second. A second is when you say one, one thousand, 199 00:16:10,260 --> 00:16:13,065 that's a second, that's one second. One, one thousand, two, 200 00:16:13,144 --> 00:16:15,265 one thousand, three, one thousand four, one thousand five 201 00:16:15,265 --> 00:16:18,482 , one thousand Five seconds just went by. The computer is 202 00:16:18,543 --> 00:16:23,684 already done then. So this is the area that we're in Now. Let 203 00:16:23,705 --> 00:16:29,322 me put this in context. I'm a baby boomer, i'm 75 years old. I 204 00:16:29,322 --> 00:16:35,462 still remember rotary telephones. I remember There 205 00:16:35,482 --> 00:16:40,524 were no cell phones in my neighborhood. So I'm being 206 00:16:40,585 --> 00:16:45,404 transported now to a whole new area And, to be honest with you, 207 00:16:45,404 --> 00:16:51,043 i find that exciting. I said cool, bring it, bring it, okay. 208 00:16:51,605 --> 00:16:54,320 So let's go into detail a little more about chatbots, and 209 00:16:54,340 --> 00:16:57,802 particularly as it has to do with healthcare, and I'll just 210 00:16:57,841 --> 00:17:00,663 go through this relatively quickly. Well, how? does this 211 00:17:01,205 --> 00:17:07,307 talking computer process, thinking machine, help in a 212 00:17:07,347 --> 00:17:10,498 hospital, whatever, whatever. Well, ironically it helps in a 213 00:17:10,573 --> 00:17:15,021 number of ways And I will submit to you if you are, if you get 214 00:17:15,041 --> 00:17:18,420 your healthcare in a large healthcare delivery system And 215 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:22,201 I'm talking about a large university related healthcare 216 00:17:22,221 --> 00:17:25,800 delivery system or Kaiser or something like that You are 217 00:17:25,881 --> 00:17:28,824 already interacting with these bots and you just don't know it. 218 00:17:28,824 --> 00:17:33,481 You think you're dealing with humans, you're not, and, believe 219 00:17:33,481 --> 00:17:36,343 it or not, some of that is a good thing, because the robot 220 00:17:36,383 --> 00:17:39,881 just keeps doing what it does, it doesn't get tired, it doesn't 221 00:17:39,881 --> 00:17:43,144 get frustrated And it just keep doing it and doing it, and 222 00:17:43,185 --> 00:17:48,343 doing it. But so five ways that it works in healthcare is 223 00:17:48,644 --> 00:17:51,544 providing informational support. Clearly, one of the most 224 00:17:51,584 --> 00:17:54,061 frustrating things is about being a patient, having a family 225 00:17:54,061 --> 00:17:56,903 member who's a patient is getting information. What's 226 00:17:56,943 --> 00:17:59,369 going on, why are you doing this , why are you doing that, what 227 00:17:59,410 --> 00:18:02,183 does this mean, What did that show? Et cetera, et cetera, et 228 00:18:02,223 --> 00:18:08,065 cetera. Second, scheduling appointments. Now, when I want 229 00:18:08,085 --> 00:18:13,362 to see my doctor or whatever, i go to my computer, i pull down 230 00:18:13,382 --> 00:18:18,566 the website of my healthcare delivery system I happen to have 231 00:18:18,566 --> 00:18:23,469 Kaiser And I just dial in. I want to see blah, blah, blah for 232 00:18:23,469 --> 00:18:28,306 X And I do it all online is my point. I never really talked to 233 00:18:28,326 --> 00:18:34,384 a human And I sort of like that quite honestly. It collecting 234 00:18:34,424 --> 00:18:38,689 patient information. Obviously, when you sign into the hospital 235 00:18:38,839 --> 00:18:42,247 or you go into a clinic, they have you fill out a lot of stuff 236 00:18:42,247 --> 00:18:46,323 And all that stuff goes into a computer And that computer then 237 00:18:46,363 --> 00:18:49,903 becomes more knowledgeable about you Providing medical 238 00:18:49,963 --> 00:18:53,866 assistance. When the physician wants to know more and more 239 00:18:53,926 --> 00:18:58,121 information, he goes to that data bank and can get it And 240 00:18:58,181 --> 00:19:03,009 assist in refilling. When you, if you take a lot of medication 241 00:19:03,740 --> 00:19:07,663 and you need to refill your medication many times, you can 242 00:19:07,703 --> 00:19:13,003 do that online And that process is facilitated by an artificial 243 00:19:13,184 --> 00:19:18,387 intelligent machine, by an artificial intelligent machine. 244 00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:22,520 Well, how do these chat about things help doctors? How does 245 00:19:22,540 --> 00:19:27,881 these computers help doctors? And let me just add here if you 246 00:19:27,921 --> 00:19:32,726 remember back to some of the previous masterclass lectures, 247 00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:37,461 we talked about the Affordable Care Act, obamacare that was 248 00:19:37,541 --> 00:19:41,924 passed in 2010, 13 years ago, and we mentioned that one of the 249 00:19:41,924 --> 00:19:46,561 main factors of Obamacare was it forced healthcare to go from 250 00:19:47,464 --> 00:19:52,328 to computers. This is a part of that process that started 13 251 00:19:52,388 --> 00:19:57,921 years ago. So how do we physicians use the chatbot? Well 252 00:19:57,921 --> 00:20:00,566 , it helps us with clinical decision support. What does that 253 00:20:00,566 --> 00:20:05,109 mean? That means is, let's say, i admit my patient to hospital 254 00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:12,169 A and patients very sick, and it's a condition that you don't 255 00:20:12,229 --> 00:20:17,564 see very often, let's put it in that category. And so I think 256 00:20:17,604 --> 00:20:21,487 that I wanna do treatment A. And so I type treatment A into the 257 00:20:21,507 --> 00:20:28,361 computer And the computer gives me a red X or something, and I 258 00:20:28,381 --> 00:20:34,070 said whoa, what's that? And the computer says that it will not 259 00:20:34,131 --> 00:20:38,183 accept my treatment recommendation. And then I asked 260 00:20:38,183 --> 00:20:42,700 why? And the computer says I need to talk to X or Y or Z. My 261 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,781 point is it is helping me with my decision regarding the 262 00:20:47,103 --> 00:20:50,241 treatment for that patient. That's a good thing. Medicine 263 00:20:50,301 --> 00:20:54,359 changes every single day And it is impossible for anybody I 264 00:20:54,380 --> 00:20:57,540 don't care how smart you are or what school you went to to stay 265 00:20:57,641 --> 00:21:01,221 up with everything that's current. On and on and on. Think 266 00:21:01,221 --> 00:21:05,604 about an artificial intelligent chatbot computer and think 267 00:21:05,644 --> 00:21:10,862 about it in terms of a library, a world library. Think about a 268 00:21:10,922 --> 00:21:14,144 library, but it's a world library. And think about this 269 00:21:14,203 --> 00:21:18,409 world library that has every single book in the world in its 270 00:21:18,568 --> 00:21:22,980 library, and think about all the data and information in that 271 00:21:23,101 --> 00:21:28,027 world library that you can download to one computer system. 272 00:21:28,027 --> 00:21:30,781 And that's what we're talking about when we're talking about 273 00:21:31,123 --> 00:21:35,143 an artificial intelligent chatbox. So the computer just 274 00:21:35,203 --> 00:21:38,486 goes to this database and says, no, you need to do A, b and C. 275 00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:41,627 The same thing is with literature search procedure 276 00:21:41,688 --> 00:21:45,942 review. One of the very interesting areas that hospitals 277 00:21:45,942 --> 00:21:49,281 particularly like and doctors also, is that you can get a lot 278 00:21:49,321 --> 00:21:50,705 of good feedback from patients. 279 00:21:52,871 --> 00:21:53,372 Speaker 4: Dr Choctaw 280 00:21:55,546 --> 00:21:57,119 Speaker 2: Quickly, let's drill down a little bit more about 281 00:21:57,161 --> 00:22:00,864 this artificial intelligence stuff, and particularly as it 282 00:22:00,903 --> 00:22:04,565 has to do with machine learning. Now on the left side you see 283 00:22:06,009 --> 00:22:09,042 machine learning and deep learning Again. Machine learning 284 00:22:09,042 --> 00:22:14,181 here is that repetition type of learning. More superficial Deep 285 00:22:14,181 --> 00:22:20,002 learning is where you get into perceptions and reasoning and 286 00:22:20,042 --> 00:22:23,503 that sort of thing. Go down to the lower level, you get natural 287 00:22:23,503 --> 00:22:28,009 language processing. This is how multiple languages around 288 00:22:28,028 --> 00:22:30,982 the world that has to be processed. So it means the same 289 00:22:31,022 --> 00:22:37,324 thing for everybody Predictive analytics. Ceos of companies 290 00:22:37,585 --> 00:22:43,726 love predictive analytics. Why? Let's say you're the CEO of 291 00:22:43,786 --> 00:22:49,505 hospital A. Hospital A has 500 beds. You have 2,000 employees 292 00:22:49,565 --> 00:22:55,832 in hospital A. You treat, let's say, 5,000 people in six months 293 00:22:55,980 --> 00:23:00,608 in hospital A, but it is problematic in terms of knowing 294 00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:04,560 how many staff you need on a Friday or a Sunday, how many 295 00:23:04,641 --> 00:23:07,886 nurses you need, how many doctors are gonna be on call, 296 00:23:08,319 --> 00:23:10,422 how many emergencies are you gonna get. So you have to bring 297 00:23:10,482 --> 00:23:14,104 in more of this and that You have to guess. You have to guess 298 00:23:14,104 --> 00:23:16,961 And most of the times we guess wrong. I mean, because we're 299 00:23:16,981 --> 00:23:21,800 human. The computer, the chatbot , can do that for you And it 300 00:23:21,861 --> 00:23:25,980 does that for you with what it calls predictive analytics. Go 301 00:23:26,040 --> 00:23:32,047 back to that world library that's been downloaded to the 302 00:23:32,106 --> 00:23:36,064 chat box with all the world's data. It can tell you in 303 00:23:36,144 --> 00:23:41,281 hospital A, looking at your data for the last year, what's your 304 00:23:41,342 --> 00:23:46,240 staffing is gonna be like on a Friday night in December. It can 305 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:50,528 tell you that It can deduce it from the data that you've given. 306 00:23:50,528 --> 00:23:55,121 That's just extraordinary. So a CEO and executive team that has 307 00:23:55,121 --> 00:23:59,102 that much information. Again, as an executive, your job is to 308 00:23:59,143 --> 00:24:02,862 predict the future, right, because you have to guess Do I 309 00:24:03,564 --> 00:24:07,021 add this many people, or do I get this much money? Do I take a 310 00:24:07,021 --> 00:24:09,644 loan? blah, blah, blah. The computer can take all that away 311 00:24:09,704 --> 00:24:17,563 from you. Look at that third box Sentiment analytics. Sentiment 312 00:24:17,864 --> 00:24:23,221 analytics Well, guess what that's talking about? Sentiment 313 00:24:23,323 --> 00:24:28,569 analytics means that it can do a better job of getting patient 314 00:24:28,670 --> 00:24:32,603 feedback that it can give to the organization ie hospital, 315 00:24:32,663 --> 00:24:36,701 physician, et cetera in terms of what patients think, and I 316 00:24:36,740 --> 00:24:40,500 think that's a good thing. I think that's a good thing. I 317 00:24:40,540 --> 00:24:44,125 think that's a good thing that doesn't rely on how much time I 318 00:24:44,207 --> 00:24:51,281 have or how relaxed I am or available I am, if you can put 319 00:24:51,323 --> 00:24:54,064 your thoughts and feelings and belief into a computerized 320 00:24:54,084 --> 00:24:59,529 system that goes directly to the people in charge. That's a good 321 00:24:59,529 --> 00:25:05,441 thing. Well, i admit, this is a cell phone with a I don't know 322 00:25:05,500 --> 00:25:10,268 a toy chat bot. I hesitate about putting this picture in here 323 00:25:10,339 --> 00:25:15,327 because I didn't want to scare anybody, but I decided to put it 324 00:25:15,327 --> 00:25:20,424 in anyway. All right. Now the chat bot doesn't necessarily 325 00:25:20,444 --> 00:25:24,789 look like this. This is just, no doubt, a computer rendition of 326 00:25:24,829 --> 00:25:28,548 what it is, but the point is, the chat bot is there to help 327 00:25:28,628 --> 00:25:32,549 you. There's no question that there are issues and concerns, 328 00:25:32,780 --> 00:25:36,806 and we'll talk about that a bit later But it can be of help to 329 00:25:36,885 --> 00:25:39,708 you And I would encourage you to look at how it can help you 330 00:25:40,339 --> 00:25:44,901 Very, very quickly. And we'll just go this real fast Again 331 00:25:44,961 --> 00:25:47,981 hospital administration like chat bots, because some 332 00:25:48,262 --> 00:25:52,887 protocols and HR stuff and all the regulatory stuff that most 333 00:25:52,928 --> 00:25:56,323 of times is very difficult to deal with. One of the places 334 00:25:56,363 --> 00:25:58,904 that chat bots have been found to be helpful is with hospice. 335 00:25:59,960 --> 00:26:03,682 The many times individuals who are in hospice are able to 336 00:26:03,741 --> 00:26:08,622 communicate. Think about texting a friend. Think about texting a 337 00:26:08,622 --> 00:26:14,105 friend who has unlimited time, limited capability and can 338 00:26:14,165 --> 00:26:18,467 listen to you 24 seven. Think about how therapeutic that might 339 00:26:18,467 --> 00:26:22,800 be if you or your loved one or your family member and or loved 340 00:26:22,981 --> 00:26:28,303 one happen to be in a hospice situation. You want to know this 341 00:26:28,303 --> 00:26:34,586 guy, this guy, his first name is Sam. So what is Sam doing 342 00:26:34,646 --> 00:26:40,695 here? Sam is actually testifying in Congress. He started this. 343 00:26:40,736 --> 00:26:44,595 He and his people started, discovered it. Microsoft bought 344 00:26:44,634 --> 00:26:48,914 it out. It spread worldwide. But Sam look at his face, sam's a 345 00:26:48,954 --> 00:26:55,916 little worried. And so what he's doing, which is smart, he's 346 00:26:55,936 --> 00:26:59,332 trying to be proactive or preemptive. And he went to 347 00:26:59,372 --> 00:27:02,839 Congress and said I need to come and talk to you guys in 348 00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:08,440 government because I've created something here that you need to 349 00:27:08,500 --> 00:27:12,156 be aware of and you need to start providing some regulation 350 00:27:12,196 --> 00:27:16,115 with it. You need to start providing some regulation with 351 00:27:16,175 --> 00:27:22,013 it. Right, it's not 100% accurate. So my point is that if 352 00:27:22,013 --> 00:27:24,432 you do a query in the chat button, it gives you certain 353 00:27:24,452 --> 00:27:27,596 number of answers. Double check those answers another way if 354 00:27:27,675 --> 00:27:32,528 possible, and I would argue nothing is really 100%. Quite 355 00:27:32,548 --> 00:27:38,112 honestly, skepticism is never a bad thing. Never a bad thing. So 356 00:27:38,112 --> 00:27:41,489 he says that sometimes he's worried about people using the 357 00:27:41,528 --> 00:27:46,202 chat bot, putting it into a political forum and then using 358 00:27:46,242 --> 00:27:51,256 that to spread disinformation. He's worried, legitimately, 359 00:27:51,817 --> 00:27:58,290 about people losing jobs, and that's obvious, right? I can 360 00:27:58,311 --> 00:28:03,010 remember when the main mechanical robots came out, they 361 00:28:03,010 --> 00:28:05,789 said well, they're going to get rid of blue collar jobs. Well, 362 00:28:06,250 --> 00:28:11,902 the chat bot, the AI chat bot is going to get rid of white 363 00:28:11,922 --> 00:28:20,303 collar jobs writers, artists, lawyers, individuals who think 364 00:28:20,864 --> 00:28:25,551 for living. It can even replace artists. These chat bots can 365 00:28:25,612 --> 00:28:30,291 draw art, they can create, they can do everything. So just think 366 00:28:30,291 --> 00:28:33,751 about that on the world stage. And if you happen to be a writer 367 00:28:33,751 --> 00:28:41,730 for a Harper's company and the chat bot comes out and says I 368 00:28:41,750 --> 00:28:46,990 can write that 300-page book in 44 hours, right, think about 369 00:28:47,070 --> 00:28:49,759 time and money. And then you understand the financial 370 00:28:49,878 --> 00:28:54,492 implications. And think about it . Microsoft is not stupid. They 371 00:28:54,553 --> 00:29:00,233 didn't put $11 billion in this company because they thought 372 00:29:00,253 --> 00:29:05,058 that they were going to lose money. But my point is, even 373 00:29:05,140 --> 00:29:09,976 people who are creating the product are concerned, and Sam 374 00:29:10,057 --> 00:29:14,278 is an example. This is another guy. His name is Blake Lamone. 375 00:29:14,971 --> 00:29:19,276 He's a senior engineer or was a senior engineer for Google. So 376 00:29:19,316 --> 00:29:21,151 remember, they're all doing it. It's not just Microsoft, all of 377 00:29:21,192 --> 00:29:27,304 them are doing it. And his claim get this that the chat bot, the 378 00:29:27,304 --> 00:29:32,579 machine, the robot, the computer had gained sentience. 379 00:29:33,710 --> 00:29:36,417 Now I must admit to you, i didn't know what sentience was. 380 00:29:37,769 --> 00:29:40,890 I don't remember hearing that word. So I looked it up And 381 00:29:40,910 --> 00:29:45,680 sentience means the ability to experience feelings and 382 00:29:45,799 --> 00:29:50,863 sensations. Think about that with your computer. Do you want 383 00:29:51,104 --> 00:29:57,393 a computer that has feelings and sensations? right, and Blake 384 00:29:57,452 --> 00:30:01,561 says that his job was to probe the chat bot. Ask it questions 385 00:30:01,642 --> 00:30:04,457 24-7. What do you think about this? What would you do with 386 00:30:04,497 --> 00:30:06,936 that? How would you handle this scenario? How did you handle 387 00:30:06,957 --> 00:30:11,739 that scenario? And what Blake has said is what he's learned 388 00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:17,920 disturbed him. It disturbed him And when he tried to talk to the 389 00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:21,025 bosses, obviously at Google they didn't want him talking 390 00:30:21,066 --> 00:30:23,115 about stuff like that And they certainly didn't want him 391 00:30:23,154 --> 00:30:27,662 talking about it to the public. But what got Blake fired was he 392 00:30:27,701 --> 00:30:32,537 gave documents to the Washington Post newspaper to prove his 393 00:30:32,596 --> 00:30:37,310 fault and Google fired him. But you know he proved his point. So 394 00:30:37,310 --> 00:30:42,760 my point is that even people who are on the inside are 395 00:30:43,102 --> 00:30:46,690 sounding an alarm bell. They're saying be wary of this stuff. 396 00:30:47,652 --> 00:30:50,700 Maybe we can't stop it, but you just need to be careful with it. 397 00:30:50,700 --> 00:30:56,694 And thirdly, this is Jeffrey Hinton. Jeffrey Hinton is an 398 00:30:56,875 --> 00:30:59,843 older guy who's called the father of Artificial 399 00:30:59,843 --> 00:31:05,056 Intelligence. Think about that, if the father of artificial 400 00:31:05,115 --> 00:31:13,085 intelligence is saying I'm worried about chat GPT and 401 00:31:13,747 --> 00:31:17,180 computers with feelings, because I think these computers are 402 00:31:17,220 --> 00:31:21,655 going to become more intelligent than us. Think about it Now. I 403 00:31:21,675 --> 00:31:25,308 would admit that I'm a movie buff and I know I'm dating a lot 404 00:31:25,308 --> 00:31:29,479 of you, but I can remember a movie called War Games with 405 00:31:29,519 --> 00:31:35,405 Matthew Rodrick and the whole thing was Matthew the teenager 406 00:31:35,445 --> 00:31:38,976 and his girlfriend were playing around with the computer, and he 407 00:31:38,976 --> 00:31:42,413 was trying to show off to her. So he broke into the national 408 00:31:42,453 --> 00:31:48,134 security computer system and started talking to one of the 409 00:31:48,154 --> 00:31:50,800 computers in the big computer system government computer 410 00:31:50,820 --> 00:31:54,998 system. And he went into the computer and the computer said 411 00:31:56,750 --> 00:32:02,721 would you like to play a game? And so the teenager's girlfriend 412 00:32:02,721 --> 00:32:05,518 and giggling and playing around and they said sure, and so the 413 00:32:05,538 --> 00:32:09,573 computer gave them a list of games. You can play chess, you 414 00:32:09,594 --> 00:32:12,481 can play blah, blah, blah. And the teenager of course wanted to 415 00:32:12,481 --> 00:32:16,458 impress his girlfriend and said I want to play Thermonuclea 416 00:32:16,538 --> 00:32:21,996 Warfare. And the computer said OK, and the computer's name was 417 00:32:22,096 --> 00:32:25,634 Joshua. I remember the name. I love that movie, i watched it at 418 00:32:25,634 --> 00:32:29,846 least 100 times And the problem was the computer started 419 00:32:29,865 --> 00:32:33,865 playing the game for real And the kid couldn't stop it and the 420 00:32:33,865 --> 00:32:36,690 adults were going crazy. But everything ended up all right. 421 00:32:37,273 --> 00:32:41,252 But my point is that computers are computers. The other thing 422 00:32:41,292 --> 00:32:49,684 that Hinton says is this process scares him. You know I didn't 423 00:32:49,704 --> 00:32:52,680 write down everything He said. That was one of his quotes. He 424 00:32:52,700 --> 00:32:56,554 said this scares me. Think about the father. This is the father 425 00:32:56,574 --> 00:32:59,661 saying you know, one of my kids scared me, or something to that 426 00:32:59,701 --> 00:33:02,779 event, and his concern is, you know, he's not going to be able 427 00:33:02,819 --> 00:33:08,180 to play the game, that we need to have some way to control it. 428 00:33:08,789 --> 00:33:12,635 Now, who's gonna do that? Because the whole premise is we 429 00:33:12,695 --> 00:33:19,181 have a robot that has the world's library data inside of 430 00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:22,690 it so that it can think faster and smarter and quicker. It's 431 00:33:22,770 --> 00:33:26,333 like our Frankenstein to some extent Another one of my 432 00:33:26,393 --> 00:33:32,076 favorite movies, by the way And we built it. But then can we 433 00:33:32,116 --> 00:33:35,775 control it? So I don't want to scare you, but I think it is 434 00:33:35,934 --> 00:33:41,613 important that I give you both sides of the argument, the way I 435 00:33:41,613 --> 00:33:44,055 look at it. And again, if you've been with us for the last 436 00:33:44,055 --> 00:33:48,779 six months or so, you're familiar with one of my favorite 437 00:33:48,779 --> 00:33:52,794 parts of the brain called the amygdala. Remember the amygdala? 438 00:33:52,794 --> 00:33:58,951 The amygdala is the machine control center of the brain And 439 00:33:59,071 --> 00:34:05,272 I see the way I analyze this is computers don't have amygdalas 440 00:34:05,573 --> 00:34:11,871 yet yet. Yet Now I don't even know what an amygdala would look 441 00:34:11,871 --> 00:34:17,659 like in a computer or whatever. But my point is the difference, 442 00:34:17,659 --> 00:34:20,137 what I've always thought the difference between me and them 443 00:34:20,610 --> 00:34:25,532 is that I have emotions and they don't. They may be smarter than 444 00:34:25,532 --> 00:34:30,333 me, but I can love and they cannot because they don't have 445 00:34:30,393 --> 00:34:35,380 emotions. Well, whatever computer learns what love is 446 00:34:35,989 --> 00:34:39,293 because then if you learn what love is, you may learn what hate 447 00:34:39,293 --> 00:34:43,931 is okay Then that's a whole slippery slope that you want to 448 00:34:43,952 --> 00:34:50,568 be careful of. So let's switch here and look specifically at 449 00:34:50,608 --> 00:34:55,601 healthcare. Okay, what are the areas that the chatbots are 450 00:34:55,641 --> 00:34:59,177 helpful in hospitals and healthcare delivery that 451 00:34:59,257 --> 00:35:05,255 hospitals like, and why do hospitals like them? Well, one 452 00:35:05,295 --> 00:35:09,195 of the reasons is, and as I mentioned before at the 453 00:35:09,235 --> 00:35:14,862 beginning, the use of the chatbot or the super-duper 454 00:35:14,909 --> 00:35:19,351 advanced thinking computer saves money for the hospital. That 455 00:35:19,391 --> 00:35:23,112 does that directly and indirectly. It provides 456 00:35:23,192 --> 00:35:27,813 cybersecurity, it helps with clinical trials, it helps with 457 00:35:27,853 --> 00:35:32,530 work assistance, it helps with nursing assistance. One of the 458 00:35:32,590 --> 00:35:41,197 ways that hospitals love using the robot is in surgery. In 459 00:35:41,297 --> 00:35:45,972 surgery Now I should share with you. As I said, i've been a 460 00:35:46,032 --> 00:35:49,737 surgeon for 50 years. As I mentioned before, my medical 461 00:35:49,778 --> 00:35:53,030 school is celebrating our 50-year anniversary, because I 462 00:35:53,070 --> 00:36:01,255 graduated in 1983 from Yale Medical School. The robot can 463 00:36:01,375 --> 00:36:09,637 generate a total close to $100, over $100 billion, just by using 464 00:36:09,637 --> 00:36:14,177 the robot alone. Okay, this is what one of the robots looks 465 00:36:14,277 --> 00:36:17,876 like that's used in surgery And it's used in most types of 466 00:36:17,936 --> 00:36:21,150 surgery. Some are more beneficial than others. These 467 00:36:21,170 --> 00:36:23,318 are the ones that are very beneficial with the robot 468 00:36:23,690 --> 00:36:27,114 Prostate surgery, general surgery, gynecological surgery, 469 00:36:27,175 --> 00:36:33,101 heart surgery. This is an example of the robot being used 470 00:36:33,630 --> 00:36:37,195 in, say, heart surgery case. So what do you notice immediately 471 00:36:37,255 --> 00:36:41,878 about this picture? You're right , the surgeon is not standing at 472 00:36:41,878 --> 00:36:45,092 the table, he's sitting off to the left side. You say wait a 473 00:36:45,152 --> 00:36:47,980 second. Aren't you supposed to be up there at the patient? 474 00:36:48,472 --> 00:36:53,211 That's the way it is on TV. Well , guess what? This is a new 475 00:36:53,273 --> 00:36:58,019 process And, as I said, this has been around for about 15 years 476 00:36:58,769 --> 00:37:04,123 This is not last year, or last November, or 21 or 20 or 1918. 477 00:37:05,550 --> 00:37:11,175 And it is growing in usage. I know this because for the last 478 00:37:11,657 --> 00:37:15,190 four years, before I retired, sent and retired, i was running 479 00:37:15,210 --> 00:37:19,391 around the country doing accreditation work for the joint 480 00:37:19,391 --> 00:37:24,431 commission and helping to accredited hospitals and making 481 00:37:24,492 --> 00:37:27,472 sure that they were following the rules, and the majority of 482 00:37:27,512 --> 00:37:31,653 them are doing robotic surgery in increasing numbers, 483 00:37:32,436 --> 00:37:37,451 increasing numbers. Another example of robotic surgery Here 484 00:37:37,490 --> 00:37:40,135 we have two surgeries Because a lot of times when we as a 485 00:37:40,175 --> 00:37:43,110 general surgeon I would be doing a case and I would maybe call 486 00:37:43,130 --> 00:37:47,275 it in a urologist because my the area that I'm gonna be working 487 00:37:47,315 --> 00:37:50,451 in is gonna be very close to the ureters or the kidney And I 488 00:37:50,471 --> 00:37:55,699 want a urologist in there, or a gynecologist would call me in, 489 00:37:56,590 --> 00:38:01,898 obstetrician would call me in because of possible bowel injury 490 00:38:01,898 --> 00:38:05,590 . So it's not uncommon to have two physicians working. So the 491 00:38:05,630 --> 00:38:10,190 patient's on the table, the robot is over the patient, the 492 00:38:10,269 --> 00:38:14,795 nurse is standing by the table but the surgeons are at the 493 00:38:14,876 --> 00:38:19,833 monitors like a computer screen, computer mod. This is what the 494 00:38:19,873 --> 00:38:23,791 robot looks like. From a different perspective. This is 495 00:38:23,831 --> 00:38:27,501 probably the most famous robot is called the DaVinci XI. 496 00:38:29,213 --> 00:38:34,277 Surgeons love the robot. This is how it looks like in another 497 00:38:34,297 --> 00:38:38,538 type of surgery. We see all the plastic over it to keep the area 498 00:38:38,538 --> 00:38:46,001 sterile. But robotic surgery is increasing in scope and speed 499 00:38:46,222 --> 00:38:51,411 in surgery. It's beneficial in surgery. One of the reasons 500 00:38:51,452 --> 00:38:56,882 beneficial in surgery is there's a smaller scar for the patient. 501 00:38:56,882 --> 00:39:01,552 Smaller scar means less postoperative pain. The surgery 502 00:39:01,632 --> 00:39:05,231 is more accurate because remember, this is super-duper 503 00:39:05,291 --> 00:39:11,114 intelligent assistant that the surgeon has and can keep the 504 00:39:11,173 --> 00:39:15,411 surgeon out of danger more efficiently, more effective, it 505 00:39:15,472 --> 00:39:21,719 helps to provide better patient care. In summary, the AI future 506 00:39:21,860 --> 00:39:24,637 is now. The artificial intelligence future is now. 507 00:39:25,110 --> 00:39:30,514 Chatbots are working right now. Today, artificial intelligence 508 00:39:30,655 --> 00:39:35,976 is non-human learning. The more advanced chatbox today is the 509 00:39:36,036 --> 00:39:41,155 ChatGPT-4 made by Microsoft. If you have Bing operating system 510 00:39:41,275 --> 00:39:44,494 on your Microsoft computer, you already have it for free. 511 00:39:46,210 --> 00:39:49,717 Chatbot is an advanced search engine that communicates 512 00:39:49,838 --> 00:39:56,672 verbally with the patient and with the physician. Robots have 513 00:39:56,693 --> 00:40:01,777 been using surgery for 15 years, as I've said, but the other 514 00:40:01,838 --> 00:40:04,894 side of that, though, is one needs to be cautious with the 515 00:40:04,934 --> 00:40:11,675 whole artificial intelligence area. If you will, and don't 516 00:40:11,735 --> 00:40:16,233 hesitate to think and re-evaluate and make sure that 517 00:40:16,273 --> 00:40:20,815 you have the most appropriate use Presently. The most advanced 518 00:40:20,815 --> 00:40:26,237 Chatbot today is the Bing, and this is the logo that you'll see 519 00:40:26,237 --> 00:40:29,936 on your computer screen. My basic principles is I like to 520 00:40:29,998 --> 00:40:34,097 always end God is in charge. As I've mentioned each and every 521 00:40:34,137 --> 00:40:38,713 time, god is the leader of my world. I am a physician of faith 522 00:40:38,713 --> 00:40:45,396 , and because of that, he has sustained me and allowed me to 523 00:40:45,456 --> 00:40:49,951 do what I have been blessed to do. I have no bad days. I 524 00:40:50,192 --> 00:40:53,121 discovered many years ago that whether the day was good or bad, 525 00:40:53,121 --> 00:40:56,338 it was up to me, and so I decided that I had had enough 526 00:40:56,438 --> 00:40:59,639 bad days and I didn't want it anymore. So I now only have good 527 00:40:59,639 --> 00:41:03,255 days, so I have great days. Don't sweat the small stuff, and 528 00:41:03,255 --> 00:41:06,514 most stuff is small. I have learned that whenever something 529 00:41:06,554 --> 00:41:10,494 bothers me or appears to aggravate me, it's usually not 530 00:41:10,554 --> 00:41:15,494 that big a deal. So I've learned to go slow, take a step back 531 00:41:16,396 --> 00:41:20,990 and just not worry about stuff. Forgiveness is therapy. People 532 00:41:21,050 --> 00:41:24,822 will do or say things to you that may very well aggravate you 533 00:41:24,822 --> 00:41:30,293 or bother you or hurt you or give them. Doesn't matter who's 534 00:41:30,353 --> 00:41:34,313 right or wrong. Just forgive them and you will be amazed that 535 00:41:34,313 --> 00:41:37,192 not only is that the right thing to do, it is also 536 00:41:37,313 --> 00:41:41,476 therapeutic for you. And the fifth thing is everything is a 537 00:41:41,516 --> 00:41:44,856 relationship. Most relationships are built on three things 538 00:41:45,318 --> 00:41:49,052 mutual respect, mutual trust, good communication. If you have 539 00:41:49,112 --> 00:41:53,291 those three things, you have a good relationship. If you do not 540 00:41:53,291 --> 00:41:56,809 have those three things, then you have some work to do to 541 00:41:56,871 --> 00:42:02,010 build that relationship up to where it should be. Are there 542 00:42:02,030 --> 00:42:02,653 any questions? 543 00:42:03,871 --> 00:42:06,938 Speaker 5: What if you were talking about the benefits of AI 544 00:42:06,938 --> 00:42:12,961 in the hospitals in relation to patient satisfaction? 545 00:42:13,150 --> 00:42:13,331 Speaker 2: Yes. 546 00:42:15,251 --> 00:42:21,623 Speaker 5: Is that because of the pain that the computer will 547 00:42:21,643 --> 00:42:25,538 communicate with the patients before they leave, or how is 548 00:42:25,637 --> 00:42:27,461 that beneficial or faster? 549 00:42:27,710 --> 00:42:30,771 Speaker 2: Okay, let me repeat the question. The question is 550 00:42:30,811 --> 00:42:34,873 that on one of my slides I had some information about how the 551 00:42:34,913 --> 00:42:39,530 chatbot is a beneficial in terms of patient satisfaction, and is 552 00:42:39,530 --> 00:42:41,976 that when the patient is still in the hospital or when the 553 00:42:42,016 --> 00:42:48,117 patient goes home? This is mainly used for survey of 554 00:42:48,159 --> 00:42:52,811 patients, and so it's mostly when the patient goes home in 555 00:42:52,851 --> 00:42:55,813 terms of patient satisfaction where the patient can give 556 00:42:56,072 --> 00:43:00,650 accurate and quick feedback about their experience, and 557 00:43:00,690 --> 00:43:03,918 that's one of the ways that it helps with patient sentiment and 558 00:43:03,918 --> 00:43:10,539 patient experience. Also, there could be surveys that patients 559 00:43:10,559 --> 00:43:14,012 would take even while they're in hospital And some hospitals do 560 00:43:14,052 --> 00:43:17,041 that also but they can do it very quickly with the chatbot 561 00:43:17,831 --> 00:43:21,391 and not have to have a person or a nurse to do that, and they 562 00:43:21,411 --> 00:43:26,492 can get that information faster back to the hospital. Thank you. 563 00:43:26,492 --> 00:43:31,215 The question on one Yes, go ahead. 564 00:43:35,958 --> 00:43:36,619 Speaker 4: I have a question. 565 00:43:37,380 --> 00:43:37,882 Speaker 2: Yeah, go ahead. 566 00:43:38,891 --> 00:43:41,851 Speaker 4: Okay, actually I have two questions. Yeah, in that 567 00:43:41,911 --> 00:43:46,474 illustration with the DaVinci robot, you had the two surgeons. 568 00:43:46,474 --> 00:43:51,360 Like you said, this is technology that's a few years 569 00:43:51,521 --> 00:43:56,019 old. Has there been any growth, with those two surgeons not 570 00:43:56,099 --> 00:43:59,217 being in the room, perhaps being in another city and conducting 571 00:43:59,277 --> 00:43:59,778 surgeries? 572 00:44:01,313 --> 00:44:05,036 Speaker 2: No, no One, because I think it would not be 573 00:44:05,076 --> 00:44:09,974 acceptable to do that. And two, i think you would then get into 574 00:44:10,014 --> 00:44:13,902 situations of error and litigation and that sort of 575 00:44:13,943 --> 00:44:16,876 thing. So it hasn't quite gotten to that level where you could 576 00:44:16,896 --> 00:44:20,655 be absolutely absent. Now that may happen in the future, but 577 00:44:20,675 --> 00:44:22,219 presently that's not the case. 578 00:44:22,690 --> 00:44:26,152 Speaker 4: Okay, Thank you. And my second question is do you see 579 00:44:26,152 --> 00:44:30,159 a day coming when those two surgeons would be completely 580 00:44:30,219 --> 00:44:33,164 replaced by another DaVinci robot? 581 00:44:35,416 --> 00:44:43,054 Speaker 2: Maybe What answer? It is possible Because I've gotten 582 00:44:43,054 --> 00:44:46,311 to the point now where almost anything is possible. But, to 583 00:44:46,391 --> 00:44:48,614 answer your question, it is possible because things are 584 00:44:48,675 --> 00:44:53,643 moving in the direction of the robotics doing more and more and 585 00:44:53,643 --> 00:44:57,498 more. So that's not inconceivable, to be honest with 586 00:44:57,498 --> 00:44:57,639 you. 587 00:44:58,411 --> 00:44:59,153 Speaker 4: All right, thank you. 588 00:45:00,309 --> 00:45:04,759 Speaker 1: The tools that you're using. Are they the? same that 589 00:45:04,778 --> 00:45:06,242 they would be in your hand. 590 00:45:08,112 --> 00:45:10,911 Speaker 2: They're similar, as they would be in my hand, For 591 00:45:11,010 --> 00:45:14,498 instance. They have extensions and by sitting at the monitor 592 00:45:14,637 --> 00:45:17,682 I'm able to move their hand because they're an extension of 593 00:45:17,724 --> 00:45:23,414 me. So they're sort of similar but modified for the robot. So 594 00:45:23,494 --> 00:45:26,668 it's basically similar but it may be a little longer, It may 595 00:45:26,708 --> 00:45:29,597 have a little dissonant And remember, the robot doesn't get 596 00:45:29,637 --> 00:45:34,985 tired. I remember we used to talk about five, six hours 597 00:45:35,045 --> 00:45:38,577 surgeries and what it would be. The robot didn't get tired And 598 00:45:38,617 --> 00:45:41,952 remember, the surgeons are sitting. So that's another 599 00:45:41,992 --> 00:45:45,659 advantage too. But there's maybe a slight modification of the 600 00:45:45,739 --> 00:45:50,096 instruments with the robot. Any other questions. 601 00:45:51,411 --> 00:45:59,436 Speaker 4: One last question. Back to the chatbot, the AI 602 00:45:59,456 --> 00:46:02,121 chatbot. there are some concerns about accuracy of the 603 00:46:02,181 --> 00:46:07,297 information that's coming back, and you talked about that. Where 604 00:46:07,297 --> 00:46:10,905 do you think that's going And how is that going to be 605 00:46:10,987 --> 00:46:13,715 addressed? I mean, obviously you can't do it with legislation, 606 00:46:13,775 --> 00:46:18,224 but what's the tech industry doing about the accuracy of the 607 00:46:18,306 --> 00:46:19,949 information that's coming back from all the searches that 608 00:46:19,969 --> 00:46:22,525 they're doing? That's an excellent question. 609 00:46:25,777 --> 00:46:28,708 Speaker 2: I don't think the tech industry is doing as much 610 00:46:28,768 --> 00:46:32,143 as it could And I think that's why a lot of them are going to 611 00:46:32,184 --> 00:46:35,193 Congress and say you guys need to do something. And obviously, 612 00:46:35,655 --> 00:46:41,568 you know, a 65 year old man in the Senate knows less about the 613 00:46:41,648 --> 00:46:46,355 tech stuff than I do, so they can't do anything. I do believe 614 00:46:46,375 --> 00:46:51,514 that they are legitimately worried, as they should be, but 615 00:46:51,675 --> 00:46:54,025 I think but to answer your question specifically, i think 616 00:46:54,085 --> 00:46:57,972 it's a matter of buyers. Beware Those of us like me and you and 617 00:46:58,074 --> 00:47:03,179 others, who are end users. We have to have a certain degree of 618 00:47:03,179 --> 00:47:08,490 organization, and health is suspicion about everything. For 619 00:47:08,550 --> 00:47:12,793 instance, i've started using the chatbot And I've even prepared 620 00:47:12,813 --> 00:47:15,972 in this presentation. I use the chatbot And I was very impressed 621 00:47:15,972 --> 00:47:19,594 because it's so fast, you know, and literally when I put 622 00:47:19,673 --> 00:47:24,481 something into the, the request or the search, it starts in a 623 00:47:24,621 --> 00:47:28,432 second telling me what I need to know. But I would then also go 624 00:47:28,592 --> 00:47:32,710 out and maybe do a different search to validate that. So I 625 00:47:32,751 --> 00:47:36,329 think we're going to have to do more of that sort of thing, but 626 00:47:36,409 --> 00:47:39,175 I think it's going to take a combination of all those things, 627 00:47:39,175 --> 00:47:42,480 but I think we're going to have to do our part and not just 628 00:47:42,559 --> 00:47:46,652 rely 100% on this accuracy. And they have actually said that the 629 00:47:46,652 --> 00:47:51,211 areas that is weakest is opinion. Of course, if you ask 630 00:47:51,311 --> 00:47:55,599 it who's better Republican or Democrat, you know now, it may 631 00:47:55,639 --> 00:47:59,291 give you what it thinks, but it may not be accurate, and those 632 00:47:59,351 --> 00:48:02,978 types of questions are the ones that you have to sort of take 633 00:48:03,018 --> 00:48:03,900 with a grain of salt. 634 00:48:05,349 --> 00:48:05,630 Speaker 4: Thank you. 635 00:48:08,409 --> 00:48:08,610 Speaker 2: Yes. 636 00:48:11,630 --> 00:48:16,253 Speaker 3: Thank you so much for your presentation. I really 637 00:48:16,293 --> 00:48:20,500 liked the end of it where, after you've given us all this news, 638 00:48:20,519 --> 00:48:25,092 you talk about my basic principles And you know you can 639 00:48:25,152 --> 00:48:30,402 feel free to use that in all of your presentations, because 640 00:48:30,481 --> 00:48:33,427 sometimes we need that reminder, because there's so many things 641 00:48:33,467 --> 00:48:38,313 going on in the world today That causes us to fear And you know, 642 00:48:38,313 --> 00:48:42,527 the word of God tells us not to fear And when fear comes it's 643 00:48:42,588 --> 00:48:43,250 not from God. 644 00:48:44,231 --> 00:48:47,253 Speaker 2: Yeah, i think I got most of what you said, but, to 645 00:48:47,353 --> 00:48:51,777 be honest with you, i decided to do exactly what you suggest. I 646 00:48:51,856 --> 00:48:55,641 do use my basic principles in every single presentation for 647 00:48:55,661 --> 00:48:58,282 the reason that you mentioned, because I think it's important 648 00:48:58,563 --> 00:49:03,469 that I not only do I give you didactic, healthcare, legal and 649 00:49:03,510 --> 00:49:06,353 financial information. I think it's important that there be a 650 00:49:06,454 --> 00:49:10,478 second message there, and that is about me personally and about 651 00:49:10,478 --> 00:49:14,344 what I've learned and what's worked for me, and certainly my 652 00:49:14,443 --> 00:49:17,632 faith is a part of that. So, thank you for your suggestion 653 00:49:17,954 --> 00:49:20,539 And I completely agree with you and I've already decided to do 654 00:49:20,579 --> 00:49:21,541 that. Thank you. 655 00:49:22,510 --> 00:49:26,510 Speaker 3: Any other questions, i just want to. I just want to 656 00:49:26,590 --> 00:49:31,556 ask one more thing. With the AI intelligence, i think the 657 00:49:31,597 --> 00:49:38,003 concern is probably, when you consider Bible prophecy, how we 658 00:49:38,043 --> 00:49:40,751 are headed towards one world government. I mean, you talk 659 00:49:40,791 --> 00:49:45,871 about the move is there for one world religion, there's one 660 00:49:45,931 --> 00:49:52,137 world money then to have no borders. I'm interesting to hear 661 00:49:52,137 --> 00:49:57,702 your take on how you see AI bringing all these one world, 662 00:49:57,762 --> 00:50:02,626 this and that together, and how it's going to just affect the 663 00:50:02,686 --> 00:50:03,027 world. 664 00:50:03,951 --> 00:50:07,353 Speaker 2: Well, you know, to be honest, i don't have a clue how 665 00:50:07,353 --> 00:50:10,538 that's going to work out. I I I'm not familiar with the one 666 00:50:10,557 --> 00:50:13,940 world concept, but I think what one of the things that's 667 00:50:14,041 --> 00:50:19,007 interesting and fearful at the same time is no one knows, 12 668 00:50:19,047 --> 00:50:22,911 months from now, 24 months from now, 36 months from now, not 669 00:50:22,971 --> 00:50:26,195 what the impact is going to be with AI in multiple areas 670 00:50:26,615 --> 00:50:31,422 religion, healthcare, law, medicine, finance, etc. Etc. I 671 00:50:31,563 --> 00:50:36,074 honestly don't know. But I think if we have all about, if each 672 00:50:36,114 --> 00:50:39,822 of us has our basic principles intact, it does not matter. But 673 00:50:39,862 --> 00:50:44,494 the world does We stand for what we believe and become leaders? 674 00:50:44,554 --> 00:50:47,956 you know, it is not accidental that this is called a leadership 675 00:50:47,956 --> 00:50:52,242 masterclass, because I believe, as I said in my basic 676 00:50:52,262 --> 00:50:55,164 principles when I start out leaders, leaders can change the 677 00:50:55,204 --> 00:50:59,755 world. So it's up for us to stand and be leaders in all of 678 00:50:59,815 --> 00:51:03,059 that chaos, if you will, and stand for what we believe is 679 00:51:03,139 --> 00:51:13,492 right, thank you. So, finally, thank you all so much, and I, i, 680 00:51:13,492 --> 00:51:16,277 i like this slide. I came across this slide and I like it 681 00:51:16,597 --> 00:51:18,961 because we always talk about change and we talk about 682 00:51:19,041 --> 00:51:22,753 leadership. I like the idea of us looking at the person in the 683 00:51:22,793 --> 00:51:26,320 mirror and saying What, what am I doing to change the world? 684 00:51:26,360 --> 00:51:29,449 What am I doing to make people love each other better? What am 685 00:51:29,570 --> 00:51:34,518 I doing to make people happier, etc. So I like to say leave this 686 00:51:34,518 --> 00:51:38,469 with you be the change that you want to see in the world. Let 687 00:51:38,489 --> 00:51:43,380 me also say that these lectures are also on a new podcast that 688 00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:47,193 you will be hearing about, and so if you have, if you listen to 689 00:51:47,193 --> 00:51:50,757 podcasts and you have a platform that you download your 690 00:51:50,797 --> 00:51:54,682 podcast, look us up on your platform and you'll be able to 691 00:51:54,722 --> 00:51:58,175 hear some of the same material. Thank you and have a wonderful 692 00:51:58,215 --> 00:51:58,356 day. 693 00:52:28,052 --> 00:52:31,639 Speaker 1: And then share it with your family, friends and or 694 00:52:31,639 --> 00:52:35,835 your coworkers. They'll be glad you did So. until the next time 695 00:52:35,835 --> 00:52:39,831 , live your best possible life the best possible way.